A deficiency in which hormone is associated with an increased fat mass, particularly central adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance?

A deficiency in testosterone is indeed associated with increased fat mass, particularly central adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Testosterone plays a crucial role in regulating body composition, influencing how fat is distributed in the body, and maintaining lean muscle mass. Low levels of testosterone can lead to an increase in abdominal fat, often described as central adiposity, which is a risk factor for metabolic disorders. Additionally, testosterone has an impact on insulin sensitivity, meaning that low testosterone levels can lead to a decrease in the body's ability to effectively use insulin, resulting in reduced glucose tolerance.

This association highlights the importance of maintaining adequate hormone levels for overall health and metabolic function, particularly in preventing conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Understanding how hormones like testosterone influence body composition and metabolic health is essential for effective nutritional interventions and lifestyle modifications.