What is the primary role of insulin in the body?

Insulin plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, primarily by facilitating the transport of glucose into cells. When food is consumed and blood glucose levels rise, the pancreas releases insulin. This hormone binds to insulin receptors on cell membranes, enabling glucose to enter the cells. The glucose can then be used for energy or stored for future use in the form of glycogen, particularly in muscle and liver cells.

The action of insulin is vital for maintaining blood glucose levels within a normal range. Without sufficient insulin, glucose remains in the bloodstream rather than being utilized by cells, which can lead to hyperglycemia and, over time, may result in conditions such as type 2 diabetes.

Understanding the role of insulin is critical in nutritional coaching, as it helps to explain how different foods affect blood sugar levels and energy metabolism. The other options reflect different physiological processes but do not accurately capture the primary function of insulin as it relates to glucose transport.