What is the term used to describe a proposed explanation for observations?

The term that describes a proposed explanation for observations is “hypothesis.” In scientific contexts, a hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in your study or experiment. It serves as a foundational element in the scientific method, guiding research and experimentation.

A hypothesis is typically formulated based on prior knowledge, observations, or existing theories and provides a basis for further investigation to determine its validity. Through experimentation and observation, scientists can either support or refute the hypothesis, advancing knowledge in the field.

While a theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world based on a body of evidence, a prediction refers to a forecast of what will happen under specific conditions, and an assumption is something taken for granted without proof. These distinctions clarify why "hypothesis" is the correct term for a proposed explanation based on observations.