Which intermediate metabolite of ethanol is notably toxic?

Acetaldehyde is recognized as a notably toxic intermediate metabolite of ethanol. When ethanol is consumed, it is metabolized primarily in the liver, where it is first converted into acetaldehyde by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase. This substance is associated with many of the harmful effects of alcohol consumption, including hangover symptoms and potential damage to liver cells. The toxicity of acetaldehyde arises from its ability to form reactive compounds that can lead to cellular dysfunction and contribute to various health issues, including the risk of developing alcoholic liver disease.

Understanding this process is crucial for recognizing the role of acetaldehyde in alcohol metabolism and its implications for health, particularly when considering the risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption.